Assessing Team Member Effectiveness among higher education students using 180º perspective

[EN] Higher education institutions are increasingly aware of the advisability of training students in teamwork, as professional organisations require their employees to integrate in complex projects with other colleagues. Nevertheless, assessing the acquisition of teamwork skills by students is not an easy task. This research evaluates a project implemented with students on the Bachelor¿s degree in Business Administration in which the evolution of teamwork skills was tracked while they were doing a team-based assignment. For this purpose, the CATME-BARS scale was employed to evaluate the teamwork skills in peer-assessments during the semester. In addition, the SLPI was used for evaluating leadership. The teamwork dimensions that emerged as signifi- cant gave priority to social interdependence over the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the teammate. The student profile was revealed as a key factor. The free-rider problem was detected in the Erasmus students (exchange students). Belonging to more demanding groups and the self- perception of leadership had a positive effect on teamwork effectiveness. In our results, gender and job experience did not influence teamwork effectiveness. Some students underwent a process of personal maturation thanks to the reflection on this soft skill. The research carried out high- lights the importance of teamwork ability in university students.This work was supported by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia under reference [PIME-B16]. Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Baviera, T.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Escribá-Pérez, C. (2022). Assessing Team Member Effectiveness among higher education students using 180º perspective. International Journal of Management Education. 20(3):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.10070211220

Leadership skill assessment: Student leadership practices inventory application in a Spanish Marketing Course

[EN] In this research, we analysed the data collected when assessing the "leadership ability" in our University in Bachelor's degree in Business Administration (BBA) as it is becoming a strategic skill in all organizations. The objective was to measure this generic skill in students and help them to develop it. For that, we used the Student Leadership Practices Inventory (SLPI) scale. This scale is based on Five Exemplary Leadership Practices: i) Model the way; ii) Inspire a shared vision; iii) Challenge the process; iv) Enable others to act; and v) Encourage the heart. Six items measure every practice or dimension. In total, there are thirty items. We analysed 132 students who assessed themselves according to this scale, obtaining a score for every item and dimension. To determine the profile of every student, the different variables considered were "Group", "Gender", "Erasmus students" and "Working or having worked". After collecting the data, we calculated the average, standard deviation and range for every item and dimension. We also conducted a cluster analysis and obtained two different segments. Based on the results, we can propose to each student a different development plan of this soft skill depending on the segment they belong. Therefore, we do not only get general conclusions from the whole group but we can also help our students to develop the "leadership ability" in a personalized way.We would like to thank our university for funding this project with reference PIME-B16.Baviera-Puig, A.; Escribá Pérez, C.; Baviera, T. (2021). Leadership skill assessment: Student leadership practices inventory application in a Spanish Marketing Course. IATED Academy. 6159-6165. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.12386159616

Identifying Opinion Leaders on Twitter during Sporting Events: Lessons from a Case Study

[EN] Social media platforms have had a significant impact on the public image of sports in recent years. Through the relational dynamics of the communication on these networks, many users have emerged whose opinions can exert a great deal of influence on public conversation online. This research aims to identify the influential Twitter users during the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships using different variables which, in turn, represent different dimensions of influence (popularity, activity and authority). Mathematical variables of the social network analysis and variables provided by Twitter and Google are compared. First, we calculated the Spearman¿s rank correlation coefficient among all users (n = 20,175) in pairwise comparisons. Next, we performed a qualitative analysis of the top 25 influential users ranked by each variable. As a result, no single variable assessed is sufficient to identify the different kinds of influential Twitter users. The reason that some variables vary so greatly is that the components of influence are very different. Influence is a contextualised phenomenon. Having a certain type of account is not enough to make a user an influencer if they do not engage (actively or passively) in the conversation. Choosing the influencers will depend on the objectives pursued.Lamirán-Palomares, JM.; Baviera, T.; Baviera-Puig, A. (2019). Identifying Opinion Leaders on Twitter during Sporting Events: Lessons from a Case Study. Social Sciences. 8(5):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8050141S11885Abeza, G., Pegoraro, A., Naraine, M. L., Séguin, B., O’, N., & Reilly, N. A. (2014). Activating a global sport sponsorship with social media: an analysis of TOP sponsors, Twitter, and the 2014 Olympic Games. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 15(3/4), 184. doi:10.1504/ijsmm.2014.072010Agre, P. E. (2002). Real-Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process. 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¿Quién lidera la conversación? Los usuarios influyentes de Twitter durante un evento deportivo de nicho

[ES] Los seguidores de los deportes de nicho suelen encontrar escaso contenido en los medios de comunicación debido a su limitada audiencia. En cambio, los medios sociales permiten seguir estos deportes específicos. El dinamismo de estos medios se basa en la participación individual, de tal forma que usuarios prominentes conducen la conversación social gracias a su capacidad de influencia. Sin embargo, la complejidad del concepto de influencia dificulta identificar a estos usuarios clave. Nuestra investigación propone una medida de la influencia en Twitter basada en variables obtenidas de la plataforma (número de tweets, número de retweets y número de seguidores) y otras calculadas a partir del Análisis de Redes Sociales (outdegree, indegree y PageRank). Para componer este índice se utilizó el Proceso de Jerarquía Analítica. Esta medida se aplicó a la conversación generada en Twitter en torno a los Mundiales de Ciclismo en Pista 2018. A partir de un corpus de 19.701 tweets, identificamos a los 25 usuarios más influyentes del evento. Los resultados indican que los organizadores y ciclistas participantes jugaron un papel relevante en Twitter. Además, la distribución geográfica de estos usuarios influyentes reflejó la dependencia cultural que tienen los deportes de nicho.[EN] Fans of niche sports generally find minimal content in mainstream media due to their limited audience. Instead, social media offers them the opportunity to follow these specific sports. The dynamics behind digital media are based on individual participation, hence some prominent users lead the social conversation thanks to their capacity to influence. However, the complexity of the concept of influence and the existence of multiple parameters for its measurement make it difficult to identify these key users. Our research proposes a measure of the influence on Twitter based on variables derived from the platform (number of tweets, number of retweets, and number of followers) and from the Social Network Analysis (outdegree, indegree, and PageRank). The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to assign a weight to each variable. This measure of influence was applied to the conversation generated on Twitter around a niche sporting event: the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. From a 19 701-tweet corpus, we identified the 25 most influential users. The results indicate that the organisers and the participating cyclists played a relevant role in the Twitter conversation. In addition, the geographic distribution of these influential users reflects the cultural dependence of niche sports.Lamirán-Palomares, JM.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Baviera, T. (2022). Who leads the conversation? Influential Twitter users during a niche sporting event. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación. 13(1):383-398. https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM.20488S38339813

INTERNAL BENCHMARKING IN RETAILING WITH DEA AND GIS: THE CASE OF A LOYALTY-ORIENTED SUPERMARKET CHAIN

[EN] Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relative measure of efficiency applied to a set of decision units and is being used more and more frequently in the supermarket sector. Nonetheless, given how strongly the sector's financials depend on demand, companies need to combine this measurement with trade area information to best manage corporate efficiency. In this paper, the proposal consists of integrating DEA with a clearly articulated, structural typology so that supermarkets, based on their particular characteristics, can determine which variables are most critical for improving their efficiency. This methodology has been validated in the case of one of Spain's five largest supermarket chains. A principal component analysis and a classification analysis were carried out on a series of internal management variables from 61 locations for which DEA had been used to calculate efficiency and to which multiple trade area variables were added using GIS. Some of them are related to the loyalty scheme membership programme. These latter variables described the implantation of the loyalty scheme member programme and were revealed as key elements for the efficiency of the supermarket. This methodology provides marketing profiles that are more adapted to local circumstances, thus allowing companies to set better internal benchmarking objectives.The authors would like to thank the Consum-Universitat Politècnica de València Chair (Cátedra) for its collaboration in this study.Baviera-Puig, A.; Baviera, T.; Buitrago Vera, JM.; Escribá Pérez, C. (2020). INTERNAL BENCHMARKING IN RETAILING WITH DEA AND GIS: THE CASE OF A LOYALTY-ORIENTED SUPERMARKET CHAIN. Journal of Business Economics and Management. 21(4):1035-1057. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12393S10351057214Álvarez-Rodríguez, C., Martín-Gamboa, M., & Iribarren, D. (2019). 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López-Roldán & S. Fachelli (Eds.), Metodología de la Investigación Social Cuantitativa (1a edición, versión 2). Bellaterra: Dipòsit Digital de Documents, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona. http://ddd.uab.cat/record/142929López-Roldán, P., & Fachelli, S. (2016). Análisis factorial. In P. López-Roldán & S. Fachelli (Eds.), Metodología de la Investigación Social Cuantitativa (1a edición, versión 3). Bellaterra: Dipòsit Digital de Documents, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona. http://ddd.uab.cat/record/142928Meyer-Waarden, L. (2007). The effects of loyalty programs on customer lifetime duration and share of wallet. Journal of Retailing, 83(2), 223-236. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2007.01.002Meyer‐Waarden, L. (2008). The influence of loyalty programme membership on customer purchase behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1/2), 87-114. doi:10.1108/03090560810840925Meyer-Waarden, L., & Benavent, C. (2006). The Impact of Loyalty Programmes on Repeat Purchase Behaviour. 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An appraisal of regional intellectual capital performance using Data Envelopment Analysis. Applied Geography, 53, 246-257. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.011Noordhoff, C., Pauwels, P., & Odekerken‐Schröder, G. (2004). The effect of customer card programs. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(4), 351-364. doi:10.1108/09564230410552040Pantano, E., Priporas, C. V., & Dennis, C. (2018). A new approach to retailing for successful competition in the new smart scenario. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 46(3), 264-282. doi:10.1108/ijrdm-04-2017-0080Patel, G. N., & Pande, S. (2012). Measuring the performance of pharmacy stores using discretionary and non-discretionary variables. OPSEARCH, 50(1), 25-41. doi:10.1007/s12597-012-0095-0Roig-Tierno, N., Baviera-Puig, A., Buitrago-Vera, J., & Escriba-Perez, C. (2018). Assessing food retail competitors with a multi-criteria GIS-based method. 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The Reform of the CMO in Fruits and Vegetables: A Holistic Approach

The main characteristics of EU's market in fruits and vegetables are trend towards overproduction, price fluctuations, and relatively low protection and public support. The key instruments of the CMO are processing aids and support to Operational Funds. The current regulation has been more successful in encouraging improvements in quality and marketing than in stabilising prices and guaranteeing adequate income levels, mainly in fruits and in the great southern countries. The lack of common European action in the fields of import control and access to new foreign markets creates more pressure in the common market. The proposal of CMO's reform comes after the great CAP's change of 2003 -and its new paradigm- and the budget agricultural agreement until 2013. In practice, this reduces the real policy options for the new regulation. Main changes should occur in processing aids, where forces to decouple are strong; given that exports refunds are already phasing out and markets withdrawals are in decline. The main political defy is how to promote horizontal concentration through PO and to avoid the price crisis. To solve the issue of stability (or decline) of the human consumption, more can be done from the policy. The farmer's influence in political decision seems weak. The scope for radical changes in fund distribution will be possible at national level.Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing,

Strategies to assess generic skills for different types of students

[EN] The Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) has synthesized a profile to be acquired by all the students based on 13 generic skills. For its assessment, the UPV has also developed a rubric for every skill depending on the level of the course. In this research, we develop an educational innovation for validating the rubrics for 3 of the 13 generic skills specified by the UPV. The chosen skills are: “Ability to think practically and apply knowledge in practical situations”, “Innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship ability” and “Teamwork and leadership ability”. To do this, we develop the same methodology in two groups (Morning/English) of the same course (Marketing Research of the Degree of Business Administration and Management of the Faculty of Business Administration and Management at the UPV) with significantly different student profiles. The assessment results of the skills reveal that there are no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, we could say that the rubrics developed by the UPV are adequate to assess all types of students: Erasmus or non-erasmus, working or having worked in the last 2 years or without work experience, and regardless of their satisfaction with the course.Baviera-Puig, A.; Escribá Pérez, C.; Buitrago Vera, JM. (2017). Strategies to assess generic skills for different types of students. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 26-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.4797263

Geomarketing models in supermarket location strategies

[EN] Choosing where to open a new outlet is a critical decision for retail firms. Building on the multiplicative competitive interaction model from retail location theory, this paper develops a geomarketing model that can be used to devise supermarket location strategies. First, attributes that explain a supermarket s pull on consumers were determined. These attributes included objective (taken from databases and empirical observation) and subjective (based on managerial judgements) variables relating to the supermarket and its trade area. Then, geographic information system tools were used to analyse real data at a highly detailed level (road section). From a geomarketing viewpoint, the model shows that sociodemographic characteristics of the supermarket s trade area affect firms location strategies. The paper also discusses improvements for calibrating and validating this model. Adding the spatial organization of supermarkets to the model yields a different consumer behaviour pattern. This geomarketing model can help managers to design supermarket location strategies according to shop features, competitors and environment, whilst estimating supermarket sales.The authors would like to thank the Consum-Universitat Politècnica de València Chair (Cátedra) for collaborating in this study.Baviera Puig, MA.; Buitrago Vera, JM.; Escribá Pérez, C. (2016). Geomarketing models in supermarket location strategies. Journal of Business Economics and Management. 17(6):1205-1221. doi:10.3846/16111699.2015.1113198S12051221176Applebaum, W. (1966). Methods for Determining Store Trade Areas, Market Penetration, and Potential Sales. Journal of Marketing Research, 3(2), 127. doi:10.2307/3150201Baviera-Puig, A., Roig-Tierno, N., Buitrago-Vera, J., & Mas-Verdu, F. (2013). Comparing trade areas of technology centres using ‘Geographical Information Systems’. 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Implementing a subjective MCI model: An application to the furniture market. European Journal of Operational Research, 84(2), 279-291. doi:10.1016/0377-2217(93)e0313-mColome, R. 2002. Consumer choice in competitive location models: PhD thesis. Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona.Cooper, L. G., & Nakanishi, M. (1983). Standardizing Variables in Multiplicative Choice Models. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(1), 96. doi:10.1086/208948De Beule, M., Van den Poel, D., & Van de Weghe, N. (2014). An extended Huff-model for robustly benchmarking and predicting retail network performance. Applied Geography, 46, 80-89. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.09.026Drezner, T., & Drezner, Z. (2002). Annals of Operations Research, 111(1/4), 227-237. doi:10.1023/a:1020910021280Dussart, C. (1998). Category management: European Management Journal, 16(1), 50-62. doi:10.1016/s0263-2373(97)00073-xGautschi, D. A. (1981). Specification of Patronage Models for Retail Center Choice. 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Journal of Marketing, 28(3), 34. doi:10.2307/1249154Kim, H., & Choi, B. (2013). The Influence of Customer Experience Quality on Customers’ Behavioral Intentions. Services Marketing Quarterly, 34(4), 322-338. doi:10.1080/15332969.2013.827068Klapper, D., & Herwartz, H. (2000). Forecasting market share using predicted values of competitive behavior: further empirical results. International Journal of Forecasting, 16(3), 399-421. doi:10.1016/s0169-2070(00)00052-2Kumar, V., & Karande, K. (2000). The Effect of Retail Store Environment on Retailer Performance. Journal of Business Research, 49(2), 167-181. doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(99)00005-3Li, Y., & Liu, L. (2012). Assessing the impact of retail location on store performance: A comparison of Wal-Mart and Kmart stores in Cincinnati. Applied Geography, 32(2), 591-600. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.07.006Mahajan, V., Jain, A. K., & Ratchford, B. T. (1978). Use of Binary Attributes in the Multiplicative Competitive Interactive Choice Model. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(3), 210. doi:10.1086/208733Mendes, A. B., & Themido, I. H. (2004). Multi-outlet retail site location assessment. International Transactions in Operational Research, 11(1), 1-18. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3995.2004.00436.xMerino, M., & Ramirez-Nafarrate, A. (2016). Estimation of retail sales under competitive location in Mexico. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 445-451. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.050Murad, A. A. (2003). Creating a GIS application for retail centers in Jeddah city. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 4(4), 329-338. doi:10.1016/s0303-2434(03)00020-5Nakanishi, M., & Cooper, L. G. (1974). Parameter Estimation for a Multiplicative Competitive Interaction Model: Least Squares Approach. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(3), 303. doi:10.2307/3151146Nakanishi, M., & Cooper, L. G. (1982). Technical Note—Simplified Estimation Procedures for MCI Models. Marketing Science, 1(3), 314-322. doi:10.1287/mksc.1.3.314Nakanishi, M., Cooper, L. G., & Kassarjian, H. H. (1974). Voting for a Political Candidate Under Conditions of Minimal Information. Journal of Consumer Research, 1(2), 36. doi:10.1086/208589Roig-Tierno, N., Baviera-Puig, A., Buitrago-Vera, J., & Mas-Verdu, F. (2013). The retail site location decision process using GIS and the analytical hierarchy process. Applied Geography, 40, 191-198. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.03.005Smith, L. D., & Sanchez, S. (2003). Assessment of business potential at retail sites: empirical findings from a US supermarket chain. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 13(1), 37-58. doi:10.1080/0959396032000051684Suárez-Vega, R., Gutiérrez-Acuña, J. L., & Rodríguez-Díaz, M. (2014). Locating a supermarket using a locally calibrated Huff model. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 29(2), 217-233. doi:10.1080/13658816.2014.958154Vigneau, E., Charles, M., & Chen, M. (2014). External preference segmentation with additional information on consumers: A case study on apples. Food Quality and Preference, 32, 83-92. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.05.00

Assessing the communication quality of CSR reports. A case study on four Spanish food companies

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license.This article belongs to the Section Economic, Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability.Sustainability reports are tools for disseminating information to stakeholders and the public, serving the organizations in the dual purpose of communicating CSR and being accountable. The production of these reports has recently become more prevalent in the food industry, despite the fact this practice has received heavy criticism on two fronts: The quality of the tool for communication, and the extent of accountability. In addition to these criticisms, organizations must overcome the additional challenge of publishing sustainability reports that successfully meet the demands of a multi-stakeholder audience. In light of the importance of this practice, this paper presents a method to assess the communication and accountability characteristics of Spanish food companies' sustainability reports. This method is based on the method Analytic Network Process (ANP) and adopts a multi-stakeholder approach. This research, therefore, provides a reference model for improving sustainability reports, with the aim of successfully meeting their communication objectives and the demands of all stakeholders.This research has been conducted within the research activities of the Master in Corporate Social Responsibility at the Universitat Politècnica de València (http://www.master-rsc.upv.es/).We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Evaluación de los competidores de la distribución agroalimentaria con un método multicriterio basado en SIG

[EN] Given the importance of competition in the retail sector, this research builds on spatial interaction theory to develop the competition index (CI). For this, geographic information systems (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used. AHP results reveal that key factors to assess competitors relate to location and branding. The proposed method was tested by evaluating 45 supermarkets in the city of Castellón (Spain). Using this method, sales targets can be adapted to each outlet’s individual circumstances.[ES] Dada la importancia de la competencia en el sector de la distribución comercial, esta investigación desarrolla el índice de competencia (IC) a partir de la teoría de la interacción espacial, utilizando los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y el proceso de jerarquía analítica (AHP). Los resultados del AHP revelan que los factores clave están relacionados con la ubicación y la marca. La metodología propuesta se aplica en la ciudad de Castellón, valorando 45 supermercados. Utilizando este método, los objetivos de ventas se pueden adaptar a las condiciones particulares de cada establecimiento.Roig-Tierno, N.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Buitrago-Vera, J.; Escribá-Pérez, C. (2018). Assessing food retail competitors with a multi-criteria GIS-based method. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 18(1):5-22. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2018.01.01SWORD52218